2017 영국 런던 켄싱턴가든(kensington garden) 하이드파크(hide park)

하이드 파크는 영국 런던의 중심부에 있는 가장 큰 공원 중의 하나이며, 런던 왕립 공원중의 하나이다. 여기에 있는 연설자의 코너는 유명하다. 이 공원은 서펜틴 호수를 중심으로 둘로 나눌 수 있다. 공원은 켄싱턴 가든과 이어져 있으며, 많은 사람들은 여기도 하이드 파크의 일부로 알고 있으나, 사실은 독립되어 있다. 공원의 넓이는 140 헥타아르 이며, 켄싱턴 가든은 110헥타아르이다. 

설립된 날짜: 1637년

켄징턴 궁전은 런던의 첼시 인근에 있는 궁전이다. 영국 왕가의 궁전으로 17세기 이후 줄곧 쓰여온 곳이다. 현재는 케임브리지 공작 윌리엄과 공작부인 캐서린 그리고 공자 조지, 웨일스 공자 해리, 글로스터 공작 리처드와 공작부인 비아지트, 켄트 공자 마이클과 공자빈 마리에의 공식적인 거주지다. 또한 자라 필립스의 비공식적 거주지이기도 하다. 1997년까지는 다이애나 왕세자비가 공식적인 생활을 했던 곳이다. 위키백과

Italian Water Gardens

Created in the 1860s, you can find this ornamental water garden on the north side of park, near Lancaster Gate.

The Italian Gardens are an elaborate mix of four main basins. They feature central rosettes carved in Carrara marble, the Portland stone and white marble Tazza Fountain, and a collection of stone statues and urns. See if you can spot the five main urn designs – a swan's breast, woman's head, ram's head, dolphin and oval.

Did you know?

The gardens are believed to have been a gift from Prince Albert to his beloved Queen Victoria. They are now recognised as being a site of particular importance and are Grade II listed by Historic England.

A brief history of the Italian Gardens

The layout of the Italian Gardens can be traced to Osborne House on The Isle of Wight, where the royal family spent its holidays.

Prince Albert was a keen gardener and took charge of the gardens at Osborne House, where he introduced an Italian garden with large raised terraces, fountains, urns and geometric flower beds.

In 1860 he brought the idea to Kensington Gardens. The design by James Pennethorne includes many features of the Osborne garden.

Look out for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert's initials on one of the walls of the Pump House, at the north of the gardens. This building once contained a steam engine which operated the fountains - the pillar on the roof is a cleverly-disguised chimney. A stoker kept the engine running on Saturday nights to pump water into the Round Pond, so on Sundays there was enough water pressure to run the fountains.

Renovating the Italian Gardens

In 2011, the gardens were restored to their original splendour. The project involved:

• Restoring the original stonework. This included carvingeight life-sized swan heads and necks as replacement handles on some of the urns.
• Restoring the Tazza Fountain. Fine stone carving was carried out on-site. The central rosettes also needed careful cleaning and some sections were replaced with newly-carved marble.
• A new planting scheme to recapture the Victorian vision and help maintain water quality. Native water lilies, yellow flag iris, flowering rush and purple loosestrife are rooted in cages just below the water. New walkways help ducks get in and out of the water.
• A new cleaner water system and water quality improvements. 13 tonnes of silt were removed from the fountain basins during the restoration. The fountains are now fed with fresh water from a borehole. The water is aerated and its temperature raised as it leaps in the air, before flowing out into the Long Water and improving the ecology of the lake.

The restoration marks the final part of Tiffany - Across the Water, a project to restore ornamental and drinking fountains across the eight Royal Parks, supported by a grant of £784,000 from The Tiffany & Co. Foundation.

https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/kensington-gardens/things-to-see-and-do/gardens-and-landscapes/italian-gardens

The Arch by Henry Moore  

The Arch is a six-metre high Roman travertine sculpture positioned on the north bank of the Long Water. It was presented by the artist Henry Moore to the nation for siting in Kensington Gardens in 1980 - two years after his eightieth-birthday exhibition at the Serpentine Gallery, London.

The Arch is made from seven travertine stones weighing a total of 37 tonnes. The stones were sourced from a quarry in northern Italy.

After being disassembled in 1996 due to structural instability, The Arch has been recently restored at its original location in Kensington Gardens by The Royal Parks and The Henry Moore Foundation.

Restoration of The Arch

In 1996, it became apparent that The Arch had become structurally unstable and it was carefully dismantled and put into store. Discussions were ongoing about the restoration work needed to reinstate it. From the outset, The Royal Parks and The Henry Moore Foundation - a charity set up by Moore during his lifetime - worked closely.

In the sixteen years leading up to the successful restoration, The Henry Moore Foundation has given guidance in the form of specialist in-kind conservation support and funded decisive engineering studies.

The Royal Parks began a final project in December 2010 with partners at The Henry Moore Foundation to determine if, given its previous problems, it was possible to return the sculpture to the Gardens.

After an 18 month review of the detailed structural surveys, a plan was commissioned to carry out a trial re-assembly of The Arch. In January this year, under the Project Management of Rider Levett Bucknall on behalf of The Royal Parks, contractors PAYE were appointed to undertake the work needed to return The Arch to its former glory. Work included:

• carefully cleaning and restoring the seven stones which weigh a total of 37 tonnes
• creating a new internal skeleton of stainless steel doweling to overcome the previous structural issues
• sourcing travertine stone from the same quarry in northern Italy to make repairs to the structure as natural as possible.

Following the success of this work and the restoration of the stones, The Arch has been rebuilt in its original location in Kensington Gardens during July 2012.

https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/kensington-gardens/things-to-see-and-do/memorials,-fountains-and-statues/the-arch-by-henry-moore

http://www.serpentinegalleries.org/about/venues/serpentine-sackler-gallery

The Albert Memorial in Kensington Gardens is one of London's most ornate monuments. It commemorates the death of Prince Albert in 1861 of typhoid.

The Albert Memorial is located in Kensington Gardens on Albert Memorial Road opposite the Royal Albert Hall. It is one of London's most ornate monuments, designed by George Gilbert Scott.

Unveiled in 1872, The Albert Memorial commemorates the death of Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's husband, who died of typhoid fever at the age of 42.

Influenced by the series of 13th Century Eleanor Crosses (Charing Cross perhaps being the most famous) and other statues in Edinburgh and Manchester, the Albert Memorial in Kensington Gardens is one of the grandest high-Victorian gothic extravaganzas anywhere.

Officially titled the Prince Consort National Memorial, it celebrates Victorian achievement and Prince Albert's passions and interests.

The memorial shows Prince Albert holding the catalogue of the Great Exhibition, held in Hyde Park in 1851, which he inspired and helped to organise.

Marble figures representing Europe, Asia, Africa and America stand at each corner of the memorial, and higher up are further figures representing manufacture, commerce, agriculture and engineering. Yet further up, near the top, are gilded bronze statues of the angels and virtues.

All around the base of the memorial the Parnassus frieze depicts celebrated painters, poets sculptors, musicians and architects, reflecting Albert's enthusiasm for the arts. There are 187 exquisitely carved figures in the frieze.

Learn more about this fantastic monument by taking a guided tour of the Albert Memorial.

https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/kensington-gardens/things-to-see-and-do/memorials,-fountains-and-statues/the-albert-memorial